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Lipids can act in different ways to suppress methanogenesis including suppression of ciliate protozoa and archaea, biohydrogenation of free unsaturated fatty acids, reduction in organic matter fermentation, and replacing fermentable carbohydrates ( 4– 6).
Lipid supplementation is considered a promising strategy for dietary manipulation, with the capacity to decrease CH 4 emissions without effecting performance ( 3). With restrictions placed on using great proportions of concentrates as well antibiotic use, there is a focus on “natural” products to manipulate rumen fermentation, particularly using plant-based products. Increasing environmental awareness has also pressured agricultural sectors to seek alternative methods to reduce enteric methane (CH 4) production from ruminants. Due to its large land mass, Brazil has high potential to meet these production needs ( 2). However due to increasing populations, it has been estimated that beef production in Brazil still needs to increase by 22.8% and dairy production by 29.8% to meet the demands for beef and milk products ( 1). From this study, we can conclude that pequi oil may be used as a suitable oil for reducing CH 4 production from ruminants, with no negative effects on intake or digestibility.īrazil has the fifth largest land mass and is home to the third largest cattle population. There was a tendency ( P = 0.06) for pequi oil addition to decrease CH 4 production (g/d) by 17.5%. The addition of pequi oil to the diet had no effect on feed intake or the digestibility of nutrients, however there was a numerical decrease in the population of cellulolytic bacteria. The treatments consisted of a control diet and pequi oil fed at 70 g per animal per day. There were 2 experimental periods of 21 d each, with d 1–14 used for diet adaptation and d 15–21 for measurements and collections. The experiment was conducted as a 2 × 2 Latin Square design using 4 Dorper wethers (63.4 ± 1.46 kg body weight).
The objective of the in vivo experiment was to evaluate the effects of pequi oil on nutrient digestibility, CH 4 production, and rumen fermentation parameters in wethers fed a hay-based diet. Pequi oil resulted in the largest decrease in CH 4 production (mL/g DM incubated) after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Açaí and buriti had no effect of CH 4 (% or mL/g DM incubated) however carrot, macaúba, basil, passionflower, and pequi oil all linearly decreased ( P < 0.01) CH 4 production with increasing inclusion rate of oil.
All vegetable oils linearly decreased ( P < 0.01) gas production after 24 h of incubation, with the greatest reduction when 5% of oil was included into the diet. Treatments consisted of a control and 3 increasing concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 5% v/v) of oil added to a tifton 85 hay samples. The in vitro experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design using the seven contrasting oils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of vegetable oils from plants grown in Brazil, first using the in vitro batch culture, and then evaluating the oil with methane (CH 4) reducing potential in an in vivo experiment.
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